CIS195 Web Authoring 1: HTML

HTML Forms, Part 1

Introduction

• Announcements

  • Week 8 is the last week for grading changes.

• Due dates:

  • Reading quiz closes before class on Thursday.

  • Lab 6 (CSS Grid and Flexbox) is due Thursday.

• Q and A

  • Any questions about the lab assignment?

  • How is the term project going?

Purpose of forms

Forms allow users to enter data that can be processed by code that runs on the server (PHP, ASP.NET, Node.js, etc.). Input elements can be used by code that runs in the browser (JavaScript, WASM).

Basic Form Elements

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<form>
  First name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
  Last name:<br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname">
  <br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Input element

The most common use of the input element is to enter text—this is the default use.

type attribute

Tye type attribute determines what kind of control will be shown in the browser. It has these possible values:

• text

• submit

• reset

• button

• checkbox

• radio

• See this MDN article on input types for more types.

name attribute

This attribute defines the name of the field. It will be used in the name-value pair that is sent to the server.

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<input type="text" name="lastname"><br>

value attribute

Use this to set a default value for an input element.

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<input type="text" name="lastname" value="Stark"><br>

placeholder attribute

This attribute puts "watermark" text in an input element.

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<input type="text" name="firstname" placeholder="First name"><br>

hidden attribute

This attribute makes an input element invisible.

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<input type="text" name="lastname" hidden><br>

Focus

When you click on a control, it's outline will become bolder or show in some way that it has been selected. This is called giving it focus. Using the tab key you can move from one control to the next in the form.

Terminology

• Control Element: form elements that the user can interact with, like the <input>element, are also known as a control elements.

• Field: Any control element that lets you enter information (that's all of them except the button) is also known as a field.

• Value: The information entered in a field is called the value.

   

Try it

Try it out on W3Schools

Fieldset and Legend Elements

The <fieldset. element groups a set of controls in a form by putting a box around them.

The <legend> element inserts a legend (aka title) into the box surrounding the fields.

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<form>
  <fieldset>
    <legend>User's Name</legend>
    First name:<br>
    <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
    Last name:<br>
    <input type="text" name="lastname">
  </fieldset>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Try it out on W3Schools

Label Element

Labels don't change the appearance of the form, but they:

• Are semantic tags that make the purpose of the text above the input element clear to developers.

• Provide a target for CSS formatting.

• Are clickable if the for attribute is used (the for value must match the id of the input element).

• Give focus to the associated control when the user clicks on the label.

Note: labels are in-line elements but, you can change them to a block element with the CSS display:block property.

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<form>
  <label for="first">First name:</label><br>
  <input type="text" name="firstname" id="first"><br>
  <label for="second">Last name:</label><br>
  <input type="text" name="lastname" id="second">
  <br><br>
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

Text Area Element

The <textarea> element allows users to enter multiple lines of text. The row and cols attributes determine the size. The wrap attribute determines the type of line warp: hard or soft.

• Hard: Carriage-return and line-feed character codes are inserted into the text where it wraps.

  • The code for carriage-return is: %0D.

  • The code for line-feed is: %0A.

• Soft: No character codes are inserted where the text wraps.

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<label for="review">Describe the trail</label>
<textarea name="review" id="review" rows="3" cols="40" wrap="hard"></textarea>

Web Authoring Lecture Notes by Brian Bird, 2017, revised 2023, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.